Go API Part 2

The introduction, setup and explanation of basic concepts and operations was covered in part 1 so make sure to read that first.

Intro

In this part we will be developing a full CRUD REST API in Go except without a real database because I realize that it’s too much to go over at once. The rest of what I promised is true though, we’ll use real data that is more than just a basic todo, explore routing options, subrouters and even middleware.

Starting point

The place we start at is a basic main.go file with our structs that represent the models we’ll work with as well as a simple gorilla/mux setup. The first part of CRUD that we will implement is the simplest one, Read. More specifically reading all the entries. We will also create a slice (essentially a list) of pointers for the instances of Delivery that will exist. The HTTP Method we specify that we accept is http.MethodGet since whoever is accessing the API is getting data from us, not sending us anything. In addition, we set the http status code to http.StatusOK in order to communicate that the request went well.

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// main.go
package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

type DeliveryDriver struct {
	FirstName string `json:"firstname"`
	LastName  string `json:"lastname"`
}

type Delivery struct {
	OrderNumber      int            `json:"ordernumber"`
	City             string         `json:"city"`
	Zipcode          string         `json:"zipcode"`
	Address          string         `json:"address"`
	Phone1           string         `json:"phone1"`
	Phone2           string         `json:"phone2,omitempty"`
	Cancelled        bool           `json:"cancelled"`
	Delivered        bool           `json:"delivered"`
	DeliveryAttempts int            `json:"deliveryattempts"`
	Driver           DeliveryDriver `json:"deliverydriver"`
}

// type deliveries is slice of Delivery pointers
type deliveryList []*Delivery

// variable deliveryList is of type deliveries
var deliveries deliveryList = []*Delivery{}

// Read all deliveries
func GetAllDeliveries(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(deliveries)
}

func main() {
	// Set up router
	router := mux.NewRouter()
	// Set up subrouter for api version 1
	apiV1 := router.PathPrefix("/api/v1").Subrouter()
	// Set up routes
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/deliveries", GetAllDeliveries).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	// Start http server
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", router))
}

As you can see it’s fairly familiar. The subrouter is based on the path so anything starting with /api/v1 is sent to that subrouter and all the HandleFunc only needs to specify the path under the path of the subrouter, in this case /deliveries. We can run this using go run main.go and visit localhost:8000/api/v1/deliveries to see a measly [] which is an empty json array.

Get all

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// main.go
package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"log"
	"net/http"
)

type DeliveryDriver struct {
	FirstName string `json:"firstname"`
	LastName  string `json:"lastname"`
}

type Delivery struct {
	OrderNumber      int            `json:"ordernumber"`
	City             string         `json:"city"`
	Zipcode          string         `json:"zipcode"`
	Address          string         `json:"address"`
	Phone1           string         `json:"phone1"`
	Phone2           string         `json:"phone2,omitempty"`
	Cancelled        bool           `json:"cancelled"`
	Delivered        bool           `json:"delivered"`
	DeliveryAttempts int            `json:"deliveryattempts"`
	Driver           DeliveryDriver `json:"deliverydriver"`
}

// type deliveries is slice of Delivery pointers
type deliveryList []*Delivery

// variable deliveryList is of type deliveries
var deliveries deliveryList = []*Delivery{
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      1,
		City:             "Here",
		Zipcode:          "52011",
		Address:          "Home",
		Phone1:           "6945123789",
		Phone2:           "2313722903",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 0,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Mhtsos",
			LastName:  "Iwannou",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      2,
		City:             "There",
		Zipcode:          "1701",
		Address:          "Office",
		Phone1:           "6932728091",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        true,
		DeliveryAttempts: 1,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Lucas",
			LastName:  "Johnson",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      3,
		City:             "FarAway",
		Zipcode:          "920639",
		Address:          "Island",
		Phone1:           "6900777123",
		Cancelled: true,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 24,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Pilotos",
			LastName:  "Aeroplanou",
		},
	},
}

// Read all deliveries
func GetAllDeliveries(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(deliveries)
}

func main() {
	// Set up router
	router := mux.NewRouter()
	// Set up subrouter for api version 1
	apiV1 := router.PathPrefix("/api/v1").Subrouter()
	// Set up routes
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/deliveries", GetAllDeliveries).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	// Start http server
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", router))
}

Now after running go run main.go and going to localhost:8000/api/v1/deliveries we can see a whole lot more and if you’re using firefox you’ll get some pretty sweet formatting too (that’s due to setting Content-Type to application/json, if you delete that line it won’t format it).

Get one

Seeing all the entires is fine and dandy but we might want to see information about only one of them. In contrast to the previous one where we used /api/v1/deliveries which means many (in fact it means all because we didn’t specify a range), here we’re going to do something different. We’ll use /api/v1/delivery/ordernumber (notice that delivery is singular) and we’ll specify the ordernumber since it is unique as seen from the example entries. As for the code within the function, we’ll check the parameters to make sure that the argument is actually a number we can use to find the delivery and if it’s fine we will return the delivery as JSON as well as set the status code to http.StatusOK. However if it’s wrong, we’ll set the status code to http.StatusNotFound and then return an error message.

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// main.go
package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
)

type DeliveryDriver struct {
	FirstName string `json:"firstname"`
	LastName  string `json:"lastname"`
}

type Delivery struct {
	OrderNumber      int            `json:"ordernumber"`
	City             string         `json:"city"`
	Zipcode          string         `json:"zipcode"`
	Address          string         `json:"address"`
	Phone1           string         `json:"phone1"`
	Phone2           string         `json:"phone2,omitempty"`
	Cancelled        bool           `json:"cancelled"`
	Delivered        bool           `json:"delivered"`
	DeliveryAttempts int            `json:"deliveryattempts"`
	Driver           DeliveryDriver `json:"deliverydriver"`
}

// type deliveries is slice of Delivery pointers
type deliveryList []*Delivery

// variable deliveryList is of type deliveries
var deliveries deliveryList = []*Delivery{
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      1,
		City:             "Here",
		Zipcode:          "52011",
		Address:          "Home",
		Phone1:           "6945123789",
		Phone2:           "2313722903",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 0,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Mhtsos",
			LastName:  "Iwannou",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      2,
		City:             "There",
		Zipcode:          "1701",
		Address:          "Office",
		Phone1:           "6932728091",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        true,
		DeliveryAttempts: 1,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Lucas",
			LastName:  "Johnson",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      3,
		City:             "FarAway",
		Zipcode:          "920639",
		Address:          "Island",
		Phone1:           "6900777123",
		Cancelled: true,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 24,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Pilotos",
			LastName:  "Aeroplanou",
		},
	},
}

// Constant for Bad Request
const BadReq string = `{"error": "bad request"}`
// Constant for Not Found
const NotFound string = `{"error": "not found"}`

// Read all deliveries
func GetAllDeliveries(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(deliveries)
}

// Read a specific delivery
func GetDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	params := mux.Vars(r)
	orderNum, err := strconv.Atoi(params["ordernumber"])
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	for _, d := range deliveries {
		if d.OrderNumber == orderNum {
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
			return
		}
	}
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	w.Write([]byte(NotFound))
	return
}

func main() {
	// Set up router
	router := mux.NewRouter()
	// Set up subrouter for api version 1
	apiV1 := router.PathPrefix("/api/v1").Subrouter()
	// Set up routes
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/deliveries", GetAllDeliveries).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery/{ordernumber}", GetDelivery).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	// Start http server
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", router))
}

I went ahead and made the errors const variables in the global scope so we can use them anywhere we want without having to repeat ourselves, this is not necessary but it makes life a bit easier. Let’s look at a couple things that seem a bit odd. First what’s that mux.Vars(r)? That’s from gorilla/mux and one of the reasons we are using it. It takes a request as an argument and can tell us a lot of stuff about that request. The variable params is a type map[string]string which means that the key is a string and the value is a string. If you’ve used dictionaries in Python I think it’s pretty similar. We give it the ordernumber key which is what we specified in apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery/{ordernumber}", GetDelivery).Methods(http.MethodGet) and then use the strconv library to convert it from string to an integer. Second, the for loop looks a bit weird, what’s up with that range deliveries? Using range we can iterate over something, in this case a slice (essentially a list). This returns two variables, in this case one that is the key/index which we are ignoring by using _ and the other one is the value d which is a single delivery from the list of deliveries we set up. With all that out of the way, time to test it. Run the server with go run main.go and visit localhost:8000/api/v1/deliveries/2 to see the information about the second delivery returned. Pretty good, right?

Add one

After we’re done with the Read part of CRUD, let’s move on to Create. Here we will add a delivery after it is sent to us as JSON. I will use cURL for this purpose but you can use something else if you want. Let’s look at the code first though. In our addDelivery function we will create an empty delivery item, d, that will later on receive the JSON data. Then we’ll see what the next order number should be according to the length of our list and use that instead of whatever the user has provided, it is up to us to decide where to fit the delivery. After than, we unpack the contents of the request body into d and check for errors, if there are any, we will handle it like previously since the sender made a mistake. If the ordernumber in their JSON is empty, we don’t mind since we’ll override it before saving it anyway. Following that, we will use append to add the delivery to the list and then set the HTTP status code to http.StatusCreated. Finally we will return the item that we actually inserted into our list of deliveries so the sender knows what was actually saved.

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// main.go
package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
)

type DeliveryDriver struct {
	FirstName string `json:"firstname"`
	LastName  string `json:"lastname"`
}

type Delivery struct {
	OrderNumber      int            `json:"ordernumber"`
	City             string         `json:"city"`
	Zipcode          string         `json:"zipcode"`
	Address          string         `json:"address"`
	Phone1           string         `json:"phone1"`
	Phone2           string         `json:"phone2,omitempty"`
	Cancelled        bool           `json:"cancelled"`
	Delivered        bool           `json:"delivered"`
	DeliveryAttempts int            `json:"deliveryattempts"`
	Driver           DeliveryDriver `json:"deliverydriver"`
}

// type deliveries is slice of Delivery pointers
type deliveryList []*Delivery

// variable deliveryList is of type deliveries
var deliveries deliveryList = []*Delivery{
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      1,
		City:             "Here",
		Zipcode:          "52011",
		Address:          "Home",
		Phone1:           "6945123789",
		Phone2:           "2313722903",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 0,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Mhtsos",
			LastName:  "Iwannou",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      2,
		City:             "There",
		Zipcode:          "1701",
		Address:          "Office",
		Phone1:           "6932728091",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        true,
		DeliveryAttempts: 1,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Lucas",
			LastName:  "Johnson",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      3,
		City:             "FarAway",
		Zipcode:          "920639",
		Address:          "Island",
		Phone1:           "6900777123",
		Cancelled: true,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 24,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Pilotos",
			LastName:  "Aeroplanou",
		},
	},
}

// Constant for Bad Request
const BadReq string = `{"error": "bad request"}`
// Constant for Not Found
const NotFound string = `{"error": "not found"}`

// Read all deliveries
func GetAllDeliveries(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(deliveries)
}

// Read a specific delivery
func GetDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	params := mux.Vars(r)
	orderNum, err := strconv.Atoi(params["ordernumber"])
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	for _, d := range deliveries {
		if d.OrderNumber == orderNum {
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
			return
		}
	}
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	w.Write([]byte(NotFound))
	return
}

// Create a new delivery
func AddDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	d := &Delivery{}
	// because deliveries start from 1
	orderNum := int(len(deliveries)) + 1
	err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(d)
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	// Override whatever the sender had sent
	d.OrderNumber = orderNum
	// Append the delivery to deliveries list
	deliveries = append(deliveries, d)
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
	// Send back the delivery that was saved
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
	return
}

func main() {
	// Set up router
	router := mux.NewRouter()
	// Set up subrouter for api version 1
	apiV1 := router.PathPrefix("/api/v1").Subrouter()
	// Set up routes
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/deliveries", GetAllDeliveries).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery/{ordernumber}", GetDelivery).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery", AddDelivery).Methods(http.MethodPost)
	// Start http server
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", router))
}

We’ve also added another route that is used when the HTTP method is POST which calls the AddDelivery function we just created. In order to test it out, I made this delivery.json file that you can also use. This is what it contains:

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{
  "city": "ExperimentValley",
  "zipcode": "0000",
  "address": "REDACTED",
  "phone1": "6900999111",
  "cancelled": false,
  "delivered": false,
  "deliveryattempts": 3,
  "deliverydriver": {
    "firstname": "Mike",
    "lastname": "REDACTED"
  }
}

I saved it in my home directory with the name delivery.json and from the same place, after starting the server with go run main.go I ran:

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curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data-binary '@delivery.json' http://localhost:8000/api/v1/delivery

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{"ordernumber":4,"city":"ExperimentValley","zipcode":"0000","address":"REDACTED","phone1":"6900999111","cancelled":false,"delivered":false,"deliveryattempts":3,"deliverydriver":{"firstname":"Mike","lastname":"REDACTED"}}

which as we can see has ordernumber set to 4 even though I didn’t explicitly set it. Feel free to try setting ordernumber to 27 or something inside delivery.json and see what you get.

Upd8 1

Next up we’re going to update an entry. The appropriate HTTP method for this is PUT and the status code is http.StatusAccepted or http.StatusOK and I prefer the first one so that’s what I’ll use. The UpdateDelivery function we’re going to make has elements we saw previously in GetDelivery as well as AddDelivery. Not much of this is new so let’s see how we get things done.

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// main.go
package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
)

type DeliveryDriver struct {
	FirstName string `json:"firstname"`
	LastName  string `json:"lastname"`
}

type Delivery struct {
	OrderNumber      int            `json:"ordernumber"`
	City             string         `json:"city"`
	Zipcode          string         `json:"zipcode"`
	Address          string         `json:"address"`
	Phone1           string         `json:"phone1"`
	Phone2           string         `json:"phone2,omitempty"`
	Cancelled        bool           `json:"cancelled"`
	Delivered        bool           `json:"delivered"`
	DeliveryAttempts int            `json:"deliveryattempts"`
	Driver           DeliveryDriver `json:"deliverydriver"`
}

// type deliveries is slice of Delivery pointers
type deliveryList []*Delivery

// variable deliveryList is of type deliveries
var deliveries deliveryList = []*Delivery{
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      1,
		City:             "Here",
		Zipcode:          "52011",
		Address:          "Home",
		Phone1:           "6945123789",
		Phone2:           "2313722903",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 0,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Mhtsos",
			LastName:  "Iwannou",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      2,
		City:             "There",
		Zipcode:          "1701",
		Address:          "Office",
		Phone1:           "6932728091",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        true,
		DeliveryAttempts: 1,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Lucas",
			LastName:  "Johnson",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      3,
		City:             "FarAway",
		Zipcode:          "920639",
		Address:          "Island",
		Phone1:           "6900777123",
		Cancelled: true,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 24,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Pilotos",
			LastName:  "Aeroplanou",
		},
	},
}

// Constant for Bad Request
const BadReq string = `{"error": "bad request"}`
// Constant for Not Found
const NotFound string = `{"error": "not found"}`

// Read all deliveries
func GetAllDeliveries(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(deliveries)
}

// Read a specific delivery
func GetDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	params := mux.Vars(r)
	orderNum, err := strconv.Atoi(params["ordernumber"])
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	for _, d := range deliveries {
		if d.OrderNumber == orderNum {
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
			return
		}
	}
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	w.Write([]byte(NotFound))
	return
}

// Create a new delivery
func AddDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	d := &Delivery{}
	// because deliveries start from 1
	orderNum := int(len(deliveries)) + 1
	err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(d)
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	// Override whatever the sender had sent
	d.OrderNumber = orderNum
	// Append the delivery to deliveries list
	deliveries = append(deliveries, d)
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
	// Send back the delivery that was saved
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
	return
}

// Update an existing delivery
func UpdateDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	params := mux.Vars(r)
	orderNum, err := strconv.Atoi(params["ordernumber"])
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	for _, d := range deliveries {
		if d.OrderNumber == orderNum {
			err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(d)
			if err != nil {
				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
				w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
				return
			}
			d.OrderNumber = orderNum
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
			return
		}
	}
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	w.Write([]byte(NotFound))
	return
}

func main() {
	// Set up router
	router := mux.NewRouter()
	// Set up subrouter for api version 1
	apiV1 := router.PathPrefix("/api/v1").Subrouter()
	// Set up routes
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/deliveries", GetAllDeliveries).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery/{ordernumber}", GetDelivery).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery", AddDelivery).Methods(http.MethodPost)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery/{ordernumber}", UpdateDelivery).Methods(http.MethodPut)
	// Start http server
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", router))
}

As we can see, nothing special, same stuff we’ve done before. Check order number, return error bad request if it’s bad. Go through the deliveries to find the one, if it doesn’t exist return not found. If it’s found, try to unpack the sender’s json to the existing delivery and if that fails return bad request otherwise save changes and return the delivery that was saved in our list. Note that we also override the value that the sender gave to keep our deliveries the way we want them and not have duplicates of what is supposed to be a unique identifier. Also we added the route on the bottom to make it usable. Similar to what we did to test it earlier, start the server with go run main.go and then run the following to change the data of delivery number 2:

1

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X PUT --data-binary '@delivery.json' http://localhost:8000/api/v1/delivery/2

1

{"ordernumber":2,"city":"ExperimentValley","zipcode":"0000","address":"REDACTED","phone1":"6900999111","cancelled":false,"delivered":false,"deliveryattempts":3,"deliverydriver":{"firstname":"Mike","lastname":"REDACTED"}}

and we can tell from ordernumber that it saved it there. To make sure, we can also run

1

curl http://localhost:8000/api/v1/deliveries

Delete one

I know that Delete is left and we will implement it but we’re not actually going to delete anything. This is an important point to make, we have to consider what the application is doing. If we want to have a history of deliveries, we don’t want any of them to be lost. What we’re going to do instead is set the Cancelled to true. Let’s think about why for a bit. If the order is successfully delivered, we use the UpdateDelivery method to set it and it’s all good. So it’s the job of DeleteDelivery to handle deliveries that need to be invalidated in some other way, not completed deliveries. The only reason I can think of that you’d want to “delete” a delivery is if the order being cancelled so that’s what we’ll do. We do the normal check for the path parameter, if we find a delivery with that number we set it to cancelled and if not we return error not found. Here is the code:

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// main.go
package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
)

type DeliveryDriver struct {
	FirstName string `json:"firstname"`
	LastName  string `json:"lastname"`
}

type Delivery struct {
	OrderNumber      int            `json:"ordernumber"`
	City             string         `json:"city"`
	Zipcode          string         `json:"zipcode"`
	Address          string         `json:"address"`
	Phone1           string         `json:"phone1"`
	Phone2           string         `json:"phone2,omitempty"`
	Cancelled        bool           `json:"cancelled"`
	Delivered        bool           `json:"delivered"`
	DeliveryAttempts int            `json:"deliveryattempts"`
	Driver           DeliveryDriver `json:"deliverydriver"`
}

// type deliveries is slice of Delivery pointers
type deliveryList []*Delivery

// variable deliveryList is of type deliveries
var deliveries deliveryList = []*Delivery{
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      1,
		City:             "Here",
		Zipcode:          "52011",
		Address:          "Home",
		Phone1:           "6945123789",
		Phone2:           "2313722903",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 0,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Mhtsos",
			LastName:  "Iwannou",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      2,
		City:             "There",
		Zipcode:          "1701",
		Address:          "Office",
		Phone1:           "6932728091",
		Cancelled: false,
		Delivered:        true,
		DeliveryAttempts: 1,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Lucas",
			LastName:  "Johnson",
		},
	},
	&Delivery{
		OrderNumber:      3,
		City:             "FarAway",
		Zipcode:          "920639",
		Address:          "Island",
		Phone1:           "6900777123",
		Cancelled: true,
		Delivered:        false,
		DeliveryAttempts: 24,
		Driver: DeliveryDriver{
			FirstName: "Pilotos",
			LastName:  "Aeroplanou",
		},
	},
}

// Constant for Bad Request
const BadReq string = `{"error": "bad request"}`
// Constant for Not Found
const NotFound string = `{"error": "not found"}`

// Read all deliveries
func GetAllDeliveries(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(deliveries)
}

// Read a specific delivery
func GetDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	params := mux.Vars(r)
	orderNum, err := strconv.Atoi(params["ordernumber"])
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	for _, d := range deliveries {
		if d.OrderNumber == orderNum {
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
			return
		}
	}
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	w.Write([]byte(NotFound))
	return
}

// Create a new delivery
func AddDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	d := &Delivery{}
	// because deliveries start from 1
	orderNum := int(len(deliveries)) + 1
	err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(d)
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	// Override whatever the sender had sent
	d.OrderNumber = orderNum
	// Append the delivery to deliveries list
	deliveries = append(deliveries, d)
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
	// Send back the delivery that was saved
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
	return
}

// Update an existing delivery
func UpdateDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	params := mux.Vars(r)
	orderNum, err := strconv.Atoi(params["ordernumber"])
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	for _, d := range deliveries {
		if d.OrderNumber == orderNum {
			err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(d)
			if err != nil {
				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
				w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
				return
			}
			d.OrderNumber = orderNum
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
			return
		}
	}
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	w.Write([]byte(NotFound))
	return
}

// Delete a delivery (not really)
func DeleteDelivery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	params := mux.Vars(r)
	orderNum, err := strconv.Atoi(params["ordernumber"])
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
		w.Write([]byte(BadReq))
		return
	}
	for _, d := range deliveries {
		if d.OrderNumber == orderNum {
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
			d.Cancelled = true
			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(d)
			return
		}
	}
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	w.Write([]byte(NotFound))
	return
}

func main() {
	// Set up router
	router := mux.NewRouter()
	// Set up subrouter for api version 1
	apiV1 := router.PathPrefix("/api/v1").Subrouter()
	// Set up routes
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/deliveries", GetAllDeliveries).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery/{ordernumber}", GetDelivery).Methods(http.MethodGet)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery", AddDelivery).Methods(http.MethodPost)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery/{ordernumber}", UpdateDelivery).Methods(http.MethodPut)
	apiV1.HandleFunc("/delivery/{ordernumber}", DeleteDelivery).Methods(http.MethodDelete)
	// Start http server
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", router))
}

First we start the server with go run main.go and then to test our newly added functionality, in my case with cURL, we can run:

1

curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8000/api/v1/delivery/1

1

{"ordernumber":1,"city":"Here","zipcode":"52011","address":"Home","phone1":"6945123789","phone2":"2313722903","cancelled":true,"delivered":false,"deliveryattempts":0,"deliverydriver":{"firstname":"Mhtsos","lastname":"Iwannou"}}

Conclusion

That’s it for this part then. You now have a fully functional REST API written in Go that you can play around with. There are a few more things that you can do with gorilla/mux and the code can be made a little bit nicer so if you’re interested in that, check out my completed version. Thank you for reading and I hope you enjoyed.